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In Android development, any time we want to show a vertical list of scrollable items we will use a ListView which has data populated using an Adapter. The simplest adapter to use is called an ArrayAdapter because the adapter converts an ArrayList of objects into View items loaded into the ListView container.

The ArrayAdapter fits in between an ArrayList (data source) and the ListView (visual representation) and configures two aspects:

• Which array to use as the data source for the list
• How to convert any given item in the array into a corresponding View object

Note as shown above that there are other data sources besides an ArrayAdapter such as the CursorAdapter which instead binds directly to a result set from a Local SQLite Database.

Row View Recycling

When using an adapter and a ListView, we need to make sure to understand how view recycling works.

When your ListView is connected to an adapter, the adapter will instantiate rows until the ListView has been fully populated with enough items to fill the full height of the screen. At that point, no additional row items are created in memory. Abrade bold font free download.

Instead, as the user scrolls through the list, items that leave the screen are kept in memory for later use and then every new row that enters the screen reuses an older row kept around in memory. In this way, even for a list of 1000 items, only ~7 item view rows are ever instantiated or held in memory. Here is a visual overview of recycling:

Here is another related diagram on view recycling:

Refer to this ListView guide for another look at how this works to optimize the performance of your lists. Be sure to check out this Udacity video on view recycling as well. If you wish to evaluate how fast your ListView is rendering, check out the Profiling GPU tool, which provides a graphical way of visualizing the layout performance.

Using a Basic ArrayAdapter

To use a basic ArrayAdapter, you just need to initialize the adapter and attach the adapter to the ListView. First, we initialize the adapter:

The ArrayAdapter requires a declaration of the type of the item to be converted to a View (a String in this case) and then accepts three arguments: context (activity instance), XML item layout, and the array of data. Note that we've chosen simple_list_item_1.xml which is a simple TextView as the layout for each of the items.

Now, we just need to connect this adapter to a ListView to be populated: Acdsee 3.0 crack.

By default, this will now convert each item in the data array into a view by calling toString on the item and then assigning the result as the value of a TextView (simple_list_item_1.xml) that is displayed as the row for that data item. If the app requires a more complex translation between item and View then we need to create a custom ArrayAdapter instead.

Using a Custom ArrayAdapter

When we want to display a series of items from a list using a custom representation of the items, we need to use our own custom XML layout for each item. To do this, we need to create our own custom ArrayAdapter class. See this repo for the source code. First, we often need to define a model to represent the data within each list item.

Defining the Model

Given a Java object that has certain fields defined such as a User class:

We can create a custom ListView of User objects by subclassing ArrayAdapter to describe how to translate the object into a view within that class and then using it like any other adapter.

Creating the View Template

Next, we need to create an XML layout that represents the view template for each item in res/layout/item_user.xml:

Defining the Adapter

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Next, we need to define the adapter to describe the process of converting the Java object to a View (in the getView method). The naive approach to this (without any view caching) looks like the following:

That adapter has a constructor and a getView() method to describe the translation between the data item and the View to display.
getView() is the method that returns the actual view used as a row within the ListView at a particular position. Another method used is getItem() which is already present in the ArrayAdapter class and its task is to simply get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set which is associated with that ArrayAdapter.

Attaching the Adapter to a ListView

Now, we can use that adapter in the Activity to display an array of items into the ListView:

At this point, the ListView is now successfully bound to the users array data.

Populating Data into ListView

Once the adapter is attached, items will automatically be populated into the ListView based on the contents of the array. You can add new items to the adapter at any time with:

which will append the new items to the list. You can also clear the entire list at any time with:

Using the adapter now, you can add, remove and modify users and the items within the ListView will automatically reflect any changes.

Constructing Models from External Source

In order to create model instances, you will likely be loading the data from an external source (i.e database or REST JSON API), so you should create two additional methods in each model to allow for construction of a list or a singular item if the data is coming from a JSON API:

For more details, check out our guide on converting JSON into a model. If you are not using a JSON source for your data, you can safely skip this step.

Attaching Event Handlers Within Adapter

Within a ListView, we can easily attach event listeners onto any of the views that are item position aware with:

You can also similarly pass an entire object through a tag as well as shown here:

With this approach you can easily access data as needed from within any event handlers.

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Improving Performance with the ViewHolder Pattern

To improve performance, we should modify the custom adapter by applying the ViewHolder pattern which speeds up the population of the ListView considerably by caching view lookups for smoother, faster item loading:

In this example we also have a private static class called ViewHolder. Making calls to findViewById() can be slow in practice, and if your adapter has to call it for each View in your row for every single row then you can often run into performance issues. What the ViewHolder class does is cache the call to findViewById(). Once your ListView has reached the max amount of rows it can display on a screen, Android is smart enough to begin recycling those row Views. We check if a View is recycled with if (convertView null). If it is not null then we have a recycled View and can just change its values, otherwise we need to create a new row View. The magic behind this is the setTag() method which lets us attach an arbitrary object onto a View object, which is how we save the already inflated View for future reuse.

Beyond ViewHolders

Customizing Android ListView Rows by Subclassing describes a strategy for obtaining instances of child views using a similar approach as a ViewHolder but without the explicit ViewHolder subclass.

References

An illustrated quick start guide

Apache Tomcat makes hosting your applications easy. The Eclipse IDE makes development easy. It's simple math. If you haven't integrated Tomcat into your Eclipse environment, you're losing out on some great enhancements to your development process.

Imagine being able to write a new servlet, deploy it to a Tomcat server, test it, make changes, redeploy, and restart Tomcat - all within Eclipse, all without editing a single XML file by hand. Time-saver? Sanity-preserver? All of the above? You bet. Here's an easy guide to getting Tomcat and Eclipse working together, from installing the Tomcat plug-in, to configuring your first server.

In the interest of simplicity, this tutorial assumes that you've already installed:

• a JDK of version 1.4.2 or higher
• the Tomcat version of your choice (version 5.5.x or higher is recommended)
• Eclipse 3.1 or higher, along with the EMF (Eclipse Modeling Framework), GEF (Graphical Editing Framework), and JEM (Java EMF Model) components

If you need more information on installing these items, visit the Eclipse and Apache Tomcat documentation pages. And to make your Apache Tomcat environment enterprise ready, learn more about Tcat, the leading enterprise Apache Tomcat application server.

Step one - Installing the eclipse web tools platform

Eclipse uses a set of components called the Web Tools Platform, or WTP, to integrate application servers into the Eclipse environment. Although you can download WTP as a ZIP file, it's quite easy to install from within Eclipse, and this is the method we'll use in this tutorial.

To install WTP, select the 'Install New Software..' menu item from the Eclipse 'Help' menu. This will call up the dialog pictured below:

Click the 'Work with:' drop down menu, and select the WTP Project site from the list:

Next, select the latest version of the WTP SDK from the list of projects. In this tutorial, we'll use version 3.x:

Click 'Next'. Eclipse will fetch a list of components to be installed, and present them to you. You can review them if you want, but it's not necessary. Click 'Next' again to reach the page 'Review Licenses'. Click the radio button in the lower right hand corner of the screen, indicating that you accept the licensing terms for the components that you are about to install (you only need to do this once), and the 'Finish' button will become active.

Once you click the 'Finish' button, Eclipse will begin downloading the components and installing them:

This process will take some time, so get up and go for a stroll. If you get any dialogues about installing unsigned content, don't worry - just click 'OK'.

At the end of the install process, Eclipse will give you the option to either restart, or apply the changes without restarting. Be safe - restart. It'll only take a few seconds, and when Eclipse starts up again, you'll be almost ready to start using Tomcat with Eclipse!

Creating your first Tomcat-integrated Eclipse project

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Now that you've installed the WTP, it's time to start using Tomcat with Eclipse. Start clicking 'File-->New' and selecting 'Dynamic Web Project' from the list of options. Eclipse will present you with this dialogue window:

This dialogue should be familiar to you if you have used Eclipse before. What we're concerned with is the 'Target runtime' box. Click 'New..' to pull up the following dialogue:

Open the Apache folder, and select the version of Tomcat you've installed on your system. For this example, we'll be using Tomcat 6. If you want to create a new local server for your project, check the box below the list of server runtimes. Click 'Next', and Eclipse will ask you to locate your installation of Tomcat:

Click 'Finish', configure any additional options you like on the New Dynamic Web Project dialogue screen, click 'Finish' one more time, and you're done. Congratulations - you've created your first Tomcat-integrated Eclipse project.

Configuring a Tomcat server in Eclipse

Now that you've created a Tomcat-aware project, you still need to define a Tomcat server for the project to use. You can do this in the 'Server' tab, located in the lower half of Eclipse's development screen by default. Secondary click inside the tab to open the New Server dialogue:

On the next screen, choose a local name for your new server, as well as a Server name, and click Finish. If you did everything correctly, a new Server will appear in the Server list. Double-clicking on the server's name will call up a window in which you can edit basic information about the server:

You can also edit Tomcat's Configuration files within Eclipse by selecting them from the Servers drop-down menu in Project Explorer, located on the left hand side of Eclipse's development view:

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Running an application on your Tomcat server

Now that you've configured a Tomcat Server for use in your Eclipse project, you can deploy whatever test application you choose to build on the server simply by starting the Server, right-clicking the application in the Project Explorer pane, and choosing Run On Server from the 'Run As..' menu option:

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That's the basics - the rest is up to you! For more information about using Eclipse with Apache Tomcat, visit the WTP Tomcat FAQ page.